Risk Management

A risk assessment and management strategy is essential for effective event health and safety planning.

Risk management is crucial for events of all scales to ensure the safety of participants, to protect the event's reputation, and to minimise financial and legal liabilities.

The risk assessment and management process can be broken down into three main sections:

Hazard identification
Risk assessment
Risk control or management

Alongside these key elements, a robust reporting and record keeping system is necessary to ensure any incidents and near-misses are logged and able to be used as learning opportunities for the future.

Tips:

Risk register

The risk register (sometimes called a hazard register) is a document that identifies, describes and records potential hazards associated with the running and execution of your event. This document is an essential asset within your overall event health and safety plan and shows the thought process involved and the considerations that have been made to ensure the safety of all affected parties.

The use of a risk register template can make the risk assessment and management process easier and quicker – download an event risk register template here.

This template covers the main elements of risk assessment and management. Keep in mind, your event may have specific circumstances outside the scope of a generic template, so treat this as an example only.
You may need multiple location-specific risk registers if your event has activities that take place across different locations and times. Alternatively, you may wish to group hazards by location within one master risk register by adding a ‘location’ column to your template and including the specific hazards identified for each location.

Hazard identification

Break down all activities that will be undertaken at each stage of your event, referencing the specific parties involved, locations and associated hazards of each.
Assess each activity from all relevant perspectives – event staff, contractors, attendees, public and anyone else who may be affected.
Enter the hazards you identify into the ‘hazard’ column of your risk register, giving each a unique risk ID # for easy reference.
Include all stages of your event, from set up through to pack out, and beyond if necessary.

Risk assessment

For each listed hazard, describe the associated risk and enter this into the associated risk column of your risk register. For example, if the hazard is ‘power cables running across high-foot-traffic areas of the event venue’, a description of an associated risk could be: ‘attendees or event staff trip on power cables, causing injury’.

The associated risk description should include:
- who is affected (e.g. attendees or event staff)
- what could happen (e.g. trip on power cables)
- the outcome of any potential incident (e.g. causing injury).
Be descriptive, clearly outlining the risk(s) associated with the hazard.
Multiple risks may be associated with a hazard – give each of these their own risk ID # if needed.
Use a risk assessment matrix such as the one below to determine the likelihood and consequence values which when multiplied together form an initial risk rating. Enter these risk assessment metrics into your risk register.

RISK ASSESSMENT MATRIX DIAGRAMS

Likelihood	Description of Likelihood
1. Rare	Will only occur in exceptional circumstances
2. Unlikely	Not likely to occur within the foreseeable future, or within the project lifecycle
3. Possible	May occur within the foreseeable future, or within the project lifecycle
4. Likely	Likely to occur within the foreseeable future, or within the project lifecycle
5. Almost Certain	Almost certain to occur within the foreseeable future or within the project lifecycle

Consequence	Description of Consequence
1. Insignificant	No treatment required
2. Minor	Minor injury requiring First Aid treatment (e.g. minor cuts, bruises, bumps)
3. Moderate	Injury requiring medical treatment or lost time
4. Major	Serious injury (injuries) requiring specialist medical treatment or hospitalisation
5. Critical	Loss of life, permanent disability or multiple serious injuries

Likelihood	Consequence
Likelihood	Insignificant [1]	Minor [2]	Moderate [3]	Major [4]	Critical [5]
Almost Certain [5]	Medium [5]	High [10]	High [15]	Extreme [20]	Extreme [25]
Likely [4]	Low [4]	Medium [8]	High [12]	High [16]	Extreme [20]
Possible [3]	Low [3]	Medium [6]	High [9]	High [12]	High [15]
Unlikely [2]	Low [2]	Low [4]	Medium [6]	Medium [8]	High [10]
Rare [1]	Low [1]	Low [2]	Low [3]	Low [4]	Medium [5]

Risk control or management

Refer to the hierarchy of controls diagram below and consider suitable methods of risk control. Use the most effective control method to bring the assessed risk level to an acceptable level.

Hierarchy of Controls

Add your chosen risk control method and the specific measures to be taken to your risk register, as well as who will action this, and when they will need to action this by.
Reassess the risk rating of each hazard, with the chosen controls in place.
Enter the residual risk rating into the risk register. Multiply the likelihood and consequence values to determine the risk rating.
If the residual risk rating is still in the high or extreme range, strongly consider more effective control methods to bring the associated risk down to acceptable levels. This includes elimination as no activity at an event is worth endangering lives for.

Assessed risk Level	Description of risk level	Actions
Low [1-4]	If an incident were to occur, there would be little likelihood that an injury would result.	Undertake the activity with the existing controls in place.
Medium [5-8]	If an incident were to occur, there would be some chance that an injury requiring first aid would result.	Additional controls may be needed.
High [9-16]	If an incident were to occur, it would be likely that an injury requiring medical treatment would result.	Controls will need to be in place before the activity is undertaken.
Extreme [17-25]	If an incident were to occur, it would be likely that a permanent, debilitating injury or death would result.	Consider alternatives to doing the activity. Significant control measures will need to be implemented to ensure safety.

Integrating the risk register into your health and safety plan

A copy of your risk register should be included within your overall health and safety plan (as an attachment or appendix).
Distribute your health and safety plan to all relevant parties ahead of your event.

Monitoring and reviewing

Your risk register should be a live document, updated as any new hazards are identified.
At each health and safety meeting, refer to your risk register and ensure that it is up to date and takes into consideration any changes to your plans or schedules.
A post-event review can help for future planning to see where any unexpected hazards have arisen and how they may be mitigated in future.

Incident reporting and notifiable events

It is important that you have a system in place for recording any incidents that cause harm at your event. You should also keep a record of any near misses that occur and implement controls to prevent anything similar happening in future.
You must promptly notify WorkSafe New Zealand if an incident occurs that involves serious harm, a death, or is a notifiable event as defined by the Health and Safety at Work Act 2015.
Notifiable events may include major injuries, illnesses, hazardous substances incidents, dangerous occurrences, or specific events identified by the regulations. Learn more about what events need to be notified on WorkSafe New Zealand’s website.
In the case of a notifiable event, it is important to conduct a thorough investigation into the incident. This investigation should be conducted by competent personnel who are knowledgeable about event management and health and safety protocols.
Once the investigation is complete, you should submit an incident report to WorkSafe New Zealand. The report should provide details about the incident, including the date, time, location, description of what happened, individuals involved, and any contributing factors. It should also include any actions taken in response to the incident and recommendations for preventing similar incidents in the future.
Based on the incident report, WorkSafe New Zealand may conduct its own investigation or provide guidance and recommendations.
It is essential to implement any recommended actions or improvements to prevent similar incidents from occurring in the future. Keep records of the actions taken and any changes made to health and safety procedures.
Ensure all staff, contractors, and relevant stakeholders are aware of incident reporting processes and their roles in maintaining health and safety standards.

Useful Links:

WorkSafe New Zealand:

Example of well-communicated Event Health & Safety guidelines:

Health and safety guidelines (npdc.govt.nz)

Drugs Management at Large Events

Event Drug Harm Risk Profile Tool (Reliance Risk)

Have you considered?

Are all relevant parties (contractors, venue staff, etc) aware of the risks present at your event?
Do you have a physical hazard board to display on site that includes the relevant hazards present?
Health and safety consultants can be engaged to help with the formation of a comprehensive health and safety plan.
If you are in doubt, contact WorkSafe New Zealand for further information and guidance.